Biology 102 Study Guide for the Final Exam
Reread the first page of the syllabus for what
we are trying to accomplish in this course. "ST" below refers to your
text by Starr & Taggart
The final exam is worth 75 points towards your
final grade. Approximately 1/3 (25 points) will cover material covered
since the second midterm exam in detail; approximately 2/3 (50 points)
will be comprehensive, but see what I want you to focus on below.
Student grading record note: Late on Monday,
3/15/04 I will post, outside the lab, a student roster with grades from lecture
& lab so far and an indication of your present letter grade position.
I will hold Office Hours next week MW 10-11.
The first part (material covered since the
second midterm):
- Features describing and defining the deuterostome
animal phyla covered: echinoderms, chordates
- The different kinds of echinoderms -- sea stars,
sea urchins and sand dollars, brittle stars, sea lilies, sea cucumbers
- Features describing and defining the two lower
chordate groups -- tunicates, lancelets and the remaining chordates, the vertebrate
classes -- jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds, mammals
- Relative timing of these evolutionary events
involving animals: first chordate, first vertebrate, first land vertebrate,
first amniotic egg, first mammal, first species in the genus Homo
(see online version of timeline
for all these if you missed the latest additions)
- How did Continental Drift and any other geological
events (including such things as extraterrestrial collisions) effect the
evolution of the vertebrates?
- Material from lecture on the Theory of Natural
Selection, Darwin's life and the evidence upon which he based the theory
- Details of phylum Chordata, class Reptiles
from the video on reptiles from the Life On Earth series
- Main points of human evolution covered in lecture
(not every last detail from assigned reading)
- The last two chapters of Wilson's "Future of
Life", stressing his solutions to the biodiversity loss problem. Much
of the topics covered in Wilson's book are discussed in ST, Ch 27. Please
read that chapter.
- On Friday, 3/12, I showed a brief presentation
(ppt file is here
) on my early involvement in studying Old-Growth Canopy habitat in western
Oregon. You are responsible for the following main messages from this:
a) the canopy of an old growth conifer is a unique habitat populated
with representative organisms from many phyla, 2) one lichen, Lobaria
oregana, is a pivotal species because it fixes nitrogen, 3) this nitrogen
is shared by other organisms in the canopy and in the forest and ultimately
helps support the forest trees and the top carnivore in the forest, the Northern
Spotted Owl, who's existence is threatened by habitat destruction
The comprehensive part:
- There will be a set of slide (Powerpoint) identification
questions, arranged in two parts:
A. Phylum/group recognition - name the
kingdom and/or "group" (phylum or "life style") from this list of six kingdoms,
phyla and "groups": eubacteria, archaebacteria, bluegreen bacteria,
amoeboid protozoa, ciliated protozoa, brown, red and green seaweeds, diatoms,
yeasts, molds, ascomycota, basidiomycota, lichen, mosses, ferns, conifers,
cycads, Gnetophytes, flowering plants, sponges, Cnidarians, flat worms, round
worms, molluscs, insects, crustaceans, echinoderms, lancelets, sea squirts,
jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds,
mammals
B. More info - For each, answer another
question about the organism - such questions as: What is its skeleton
made of?, Does this plant produce seeds?, How big are the cells of this organism?
What is an economic benefit of this organism?, Telling me something else
about this organism (other than what I have already described)., etc.
- Evolutionary connections between the kingdoms
Bacteria, Protista, Animals, Plants and Fungi. i.e., from what ancestral
group in what kingdom did each kingdom develop evolutionarily and what was
the change that led to the new kingdom (i.e. what characteristic(s) separate(s)
the Fungi from the Protista, etc.)
- Absolute dates that define these eras of geological
time: Archaean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
See our timeline handout or the
Berkeley Time Machine
- Relative timing (the approximate order - some
of these happened about the same time) and absolute timing (approximately
when within the major eras) of the major evolutionary changes in life forms:
first organism, first oxygen-releasing photosynthesis, first eukaryote,
first animal, first land plant, first fungus, first shelled animal (and see
list 4., under detailed part above)
- Major trends of evolution within each of the
kingdoms
- Review your notes on coevolutionary relationships
of organisms in all kingdoms - be able to give examples of at least three
such relationships (including symbiosis - mutualism and parasitism - and
less "strict" relationships like the coevolution of pollination of flowering
plants by insects)
If you have any questions about what I am referring
to here, please bring them up in lecture or email me
(fredr@cc.wwu.edu
). Finals week, I will be in
my office MW 10-11 or by appointment.
Sample Final Questions